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Historical paradoxes. CollectionВ of scientific articles
Андрей Тихомиров


The Greek word “paradox” means “unexpected, strange”, from the point of view of history, this is an unexpected, unusual, divergent statement from the traditional point of view, which is confirmed by proven scientific research and is applicable to various historical incidents (cases). Various facts, events and processes are investigated on the basis of historical sources that provide scientific data.





Historical paradoxes

CollectionВ of scientific articles



Андрей Тихомиров



© Андрей Тихомиров, 2022



ISBNВ 978-5-0059-2797-2

Created with Ridero smart publishing system




1.В 2015В year ofВ theВ Goat


This year according to the Eastern calendar is considered the year of the Goat (Goat) or Sheep (Aries). The Chinese name is «I-wei», the Korean is «yl-mi», the Japanese is «kinoto-hitsuji», this is the 32nd number of the cyclic year, the cycle of 1984—2043, the element is a tree, the planet is Jupiter, the color is green (blue), the element, the planet, the color, as in 2014. These data are not taken from astrological tables (astrology is a pseudoscience that uses scientific data from astronomy, physiology, political science, psychology and other sciences, seasoning them with references to space objects), but from the scientific monograph «Calendar customs and rituals of the peoples of East Asia. New Year», published in the publishing house «Nauka» (Moscow, 1985)

Meanwhile, these animals (inВ many peoples, these animals, relatively similar toВ each other, merge into aВ kind ofВ community) are sacred, totemic toВ this day. And inВ ancient times they were deified. For example, Azael (Azazel) among the ancient Jews is the spirit ofВ the desert inВ the form ofВ aВ goat. On the Yom Kippur holiday, the priest transferred the sins ofВ all the people toВ the goat and released him into the desert toВ Azazel, hence the expression В«scapegoatВ».

It is characteristic that in Arabic fairy tales and folk legends Satan-Shaitan is endowed with other stable names and epithets, such as Azazil, al-marid (rebellious, rebellious), al-hannas (disappearing, retreating, at the mention of the name of Allah) and al-wasuas (instigating, tempting). The naming of Shaitan Azazil undoubtedly came from the Judeo-Christian tradition, where in the Bible Azazel (a variant of Azazil) is used only in the context of describing the ritual of the «day of atonement» (Yom Kippur). According to biblical beliefs, Azazel’s habitat was the desert. It is known that the desert in the minds of the peoples of the Near and Middle East is associated with the habitat of evil spirits. The meaning of the name Azazil (Azazil) can be translated as «a strong, powerful deity». Walpurgisnacht (Walpurgisnacht), – the night of the first of May is the night of witches who, riding on brooms, cats or goats, arrive at the witches’ abbey on the Bloksberg mountain in the Harz to dance with the devil.

A similar character to the devil in ancient Greek myths is pan, originally the god of flocks, the patron of shepherds, then of all nature (from Greek. pan – everything), was depicted as a man with goat horns, hooves and beard (i.e. he was a goat, a goat is a deified animal, now a curse, a tragedy – from Greek. «song of goats», possibly «combining» a goat with monkeys and other animals), it corresponds to the Roman Faun. According to myths, pan, accompanied by nymphs, wandered through the mountains, collected herds with the sounds of a pipe and songs, punished those who disturbed his peace, sending them unreasonable fear (hence the word «panic»).

The tragedy dates back to the primitive cult ritual dedicated to the god of fertility Dionysus, the tragedy arose from lyrical poetry or dithyrambs performed by a choir consisting of Dionysus’ companions – satyrs, who were called goats. Bes – in the ancient Egyptian religion, the god of fun and dancing. The word «devil» goes back to the ancient Greek «diabolos» – slanderer. The word is formed from the preposition «dia» – there and the verb «ballo» – I throw. The Greek «Satanas» is borrowed from the Hebrew «Satan» – the enemy, a similar term in Arabic is «Shaitan». The word «demon», which remained in the Russian language mainly as a designation of an insidious, evil person, comes from the ancient Greek «daimon» – god, spirit, evil spirit.

All these quite normal words in monotheistic religions (suddenly!) they became bad, denoting forces hostile to man, it is very easy to explain – these words denoted some deified forces from the period of polytheism, and polytheism opposed monotheism, therefore monotheistic religions in every possible way discredited the «divine» concepts of polytheism.

An interesting variant of the origin of the word «devil» (previously written «devil»), most likely from the words «devil», «draw», from the line that believers drew from «evil spirits». In Gogol’s novella «Viy», the philosopher drew a circle around himself so that no «evil force» could penetrate behind him. This idea goes back to ancient times, when man, like many animals today, marked his territory, and the penetration of other creatures for it was punishable by death. Satyrs, devils, and other representatives of the «evil forces» are someone other than people disguised in animal skins, including sheep, goats, wolves (shamans, werewolves). They threw off these skins and «became» people again. The then emerging human thinking perceived this as a kind of magical action (as modern children perceive Santa Claus, Snow Maiden, etc.), later under Christianity it became a bad demonic phenomenon and was persecuted.

No fluff, no feather – that is, nothing, but in the modern context it means wishing good luck, in ancient times it was a kind of deception of forest and water spirits necessary for successful hunting or fishing, the answer was also a deception – «to hell with it!», spirits lose vigilance, because they decide that the hunter after such a wish, nothing will be obtained – neither an animal nor a bird. «Good riddance!», initially it was the opposite of a greeting, when a kind of tablecloth – path was spread out for the greeter.

Researchers suggest that the toponym Sakmara (the area of the Southern Urals – Volga) has an Iranian-speaking origin, that is, it belongs to the Savromato-Sarmatian tribes. In this regard, the close toponym Samara gives a hint – the left-bank tributary of the Volga, whose upper reaches are 40 km from the confluence of the Urals and Sakmara. There are also rivers with the name Samara in the basins of the Don and Dnieper, as well as on the border of steppe and forest-steppe landscapes. Of the numerous versions about the origin of the toponym Sakmara, there is also one: translated from the Iranian languages, it means «sheep river» («shu» -«sheep», «mara» -«big river»). Apparently, during seasonal migrations from south to north, herds of nomadic sheep were concentrated on the banks of these rivers. Here they found excellent pastures and watering places, good conditions for lambing sheep and raising young animals.

Interesting comparisons can be made with the ancient Egyptian supreme deity Amon-Ra, who was the sun god, depicted as a calf or a ram, because in Latin (ancient Indo-European language, in German Indogermanen – Indogermans) aries – «aries, ram».

The rituals ofВ veneration ofВ Tengri Khan (God the Father) inВ the steppes ofВ the Urals-Altai were quite strict and complex, prayers were long and cleansing the soul. They, too, inВ many ways resembled the religious traditions ofВ the East. For example, water baptism, which looked like aВ complete triple immersion, and aВ religious meal were mandatory. The Epiphany was considered the biggest holiday.

The holiday fell on December 25, when, after the winter solstice, the day begins to arrive and the Man-heaven – Tengri Khan – went out into the world (originally Christmas was celebrated as a triple feast of baptism, birth, epiphany.). On this day, it was supposed to bring Christmas trees to the house – a message from the more ancient god Yer-su, who was worshipped by the Altai peoples about three thousand years ago, long before meeting Tengri Khan. The Asian peoples brought the custom of honoring spruce to Eastern and Central Europe, where they were thrown by the wave of the Great Migration of Peoples.

In the valleys of the Danube, Dnieper, Don, Volga, this holiday has certainly existed since the time of Attila. In Western Europe, it began to be celebrated in this form only in the XIX century. It should be remembered that the Slavs and Romans considered oak a sacred tree, the Finns – birch, the Greeks – olive, and the southern Germans – spruce. The first mention of a Christmas tree is found in the Alsatian chronicles of 1500. The decoration of Christmas trees for the New Year in Russia was banned during World War I by the tsarist government, as it was supposedly a German custom, in fact it dates back to the ancient times of the veneration of evergreens and trees.

In the Avestan (Zoroastrian) teaching about the end of the world – Frashkard, very reminiscent of the Apocalypse, sheep (rams) are mentioned: «Who was righteous and who was sinful – everyone will rise in the place where he met his death. The sun will shine with renewed vigor, half of its radiance will go to Gaia Martan, and half to the rest of humanity. The bodies and souls of the resurrected recognize each other. The husband recognizes the wife, the children of the parents, and the relatives of each other. And those who were lonely in a previous life will now find their family.» So, everyone – both the righteous and sinners – will rise again and rejoice, having regained their lost loved ones. And then a Sadvastaran meeting will take place, and their good and evil thoughts, speeches and deeds will be demonstrated to everyone. And sinners will look there like a white sheep among the blacks…» (speaking in Russian, like a white crow). And Jesus Christ is the lamb of God, and the lamb is a lamb (baby sheep), the firstborn in the flock, which was used as a sacrificial animal.

Arias, hence the name «Iran» from «Arians», aries from Latin – a ram, aries, a totemic animal of the ancient Indo-Europeans. Arkaim is represented by a giant wheel with a diameter of 180 meters with two circles of powerful walls: external and internal.

Especially impressive is the five-meter-thick outer wall, built of soil and having an internal gallery. On the outside, a deep ditch was dug around the wall. The inner moat is covered with a log flooring, possibly representing a storm sewer. Dwellings were located from the walls towards the central square. These houses were quite large: up to 20 meters long and more than 6 meters wide, where, according to experts, up to 50 people could be accommodated. In each house there were hearths, wells, pits for storing food, rooms for individual families. The floor was covered with a solid layer of lime mortar. In total, the settlement could accommodate up to two and a half thousand people. The inhabitants had a lot of cattle, especially horses – slender, thin-legged, fast, harnessed to war chariots, these ancient «tanks» of the Eurasian steppes. The production of bronze products has reached a high degree of perfection. It is believed that they diverged from here to very remote places. Most scientists believe that these are ancient Aryans, Indo-Aryans, that is, the peoples of the Iranian group of languages.

Magi or magicians were called Persian (Zoroastrian) priests. «When Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the days of King Herod, the magi came to Jerusalem from the east,» says the Gospel of Matthew. From the east – from Parthia (Iran), where the main religion at that time was Zoroastrianism. They carried out a sacred mission, seeking to expand the influence of their religion among the Jews to fight against Rome.

It is believed that by offering gold, frankincense and myrrh to the newborn Jesus, the magi honored him as a king, high priest and sacrifice. But the same gifts symbolize the three dominant castes of Zoroastrian society and three types of varna (in Sanskrit, «Varna» – letters – «quality», «color», the four main classes in Ancient India, the dominant position in society was occupied by Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, the Sudras were a caste of inferior, dependent people). Similarly, in Zoroastrianism, the hvarna of the priest, the hvarna of the ruler and the hvarna of the warrior stood out. The symbol of royal charisma is gold, priestly – frankincense, military – myrrh, because warriors sacrifice themselves in the name of peace.

At that time, various dualistic religious teachings were spread inВ Parthia (Iran), considering the world as aВ struggle between the good principle led byВ the god Ormazd and his spirits and the evil principle led byВ the god Ahriman and his demons (devas). These teachings associated with the name ofВ Zarathustra have not yet received final formalization. Later they received aВ dogmatic form inВ the Avesta books recognized as sacred and inВ this form became known as Zoroastrianism. The religion ofВ Mithraism (the god Mithra) is also connected with Iran, which inВ the first centuries ofВ the existence ofВ Christianity was aВ serious competitor toВ it. Myths, the appearance ofВ Mithras himself, the cult ofВ Mithraism largely coincides with mythology, the cult ofВ Christianity. Suffice it toВ say that the birth ofВ the god Mithras was widely celebrated inВ the Roman Empire on DecemberВ 25.

Initially, Christmas was celebrated on January 6, along with epiphany and epiphany, only in the IV century, when Christianity became the dominant religion in Rome, it was postponed to December 25 to displace the cult of Mithras. Syncretism was characteristic of the top of Parthian society, expressed in the fusion of local and Hellenic gods. In general, the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia (247 BC – 224 AD) was distinguished by broad religious tolerance, unlike the later Sassanid dynasty, who were zealous advocates of pure Zoroastrianism. In the I century A.D. Zoroastrianism is being reformed in Parthia, ancient texts are being collected, and one of the oldest editions of the Avesta is being created. During its greatest heyday, the Parthian Kingdom stretched from Babylonia through Iran to the Indus Valley. The Parthian kingdom ceased to exist around 224, when the Sassanid state emerged.

So sheep, rams are our closest animals, helping people at all times.




2.В 1945В chronicle


JanuaryВ 1945

On January 6, the Supreme Commander ofВ the USSR, Stalin, receives aВ letter from British Prime Minister Churchill with aВ request toВ accelerate the start ofВ the Soviet offensive, since the allies (Anglo-American troops faced the threat ofВ aВ second Dunkirk, that is, encirclement, as inВ 1940) were inВ aВ difficult situation inВ the Ardennes. Therefore, despite the bad weather, on January 12, instead ofВ the planned January 20, aВ major winter offensive ofВ Soviet troops begins inВ East Prussia, Western Poland and Silesia, called the Vistula-Oder offensive operation ofВ the Red Army. Already on January 17, as aВ result ofВ the Warsaw-Poznan operation, the troops ofВ the 1st Belorussian Front, together with the 1st Army ofВ the Polish Army, liberated Warsaw, and on January 18, Soviet troops entered Silesia on the territory ofВ Germany. On January 19, the troops ofВ the 2nd Belorussian Front entered the territory ofВ East Prussia, and the troops ofВ the 1st Belorussian Front liberated the city ofВ Lodz inВ Poland.

On January 20, an armistice agreement was signed inВ Moscow between the USSR, the United States and Great Britain on the one hand and German ally Hungary on the other. Hungary capitulated.

January 23 – forced retreat of German troops. Elimination of the Ardennes «salient» on the western front.

On January 26, the Decree ofВ the Presidium ofВ the Supreme Soviet ofВ the USSR on awarding Leningrad with the Order ofВ Lenin was published.

On January 27, the Auschwitz concentration camp was liberated byВ Soviet troops. There were less than 3В thousand people alive there, and, according toВ various sources, from 1.5В toВ 4В million people died inВ it.

On January 30, the Soviet submarine S-13В under the command ofВ A.I.В Marinesko sank the fascist liner Wilhelm Gustlov, on board ofВ which there were more than 8В thousand Nazis.

On January 31, the vanguard ofВ the 5th Shock Army crossed the Oder and captured the town ofВ Kinitz. The appearance ofВ Soviet troops here, 70В kilometers from Berlin, turned out toВ be aВ complete surprise for the Germans. But the further advance ofВ the troops toВ Berlin was prevented byВ the threat ofВ their encirclement byВ the Germans. Meanwhile, the Western allies are conducting separate negotiations with the Nazis inВ Bern (Switzerland), seeking toВ find aВ compromise with them.






Workers drop aВ sign installed byВ Fascist occupiers at the Kramatorsk plant inВ Donbass



FebruaryВ 1945

Finally surrounded by a group of Nazis in the area of Konigsberg. On February 4—11, the Yalta (Crimean) Conference of the heads of government of the three Allied powers took place: I.V. Stalin (USSR), F.D. Roosevelt (USA) and W. Churchill (England). Joint military plans were determined, as well as the post-war structure of Europe. The USSR agreed to enter the war against Japan 2—3 months after the end of the war in Europe.

The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front during the Lower Silesian operation advanced more than 100 km and captured one of the most important military-industrial areas – Lower Silesia and reached the line along the Neisse River to complete the strike in the Berlin direction. Fierce fighting in the area of Breslau (Wroclaw). The East Pomeranian operation began, during which they captured Eastern Pomerania and the Baltic coast from Danzig (Gdansk) to the Pomeranian Bay. On February 13, Budapest was liberated by Soviet troops after repelling a German counteroffensive near Lake Balaton.

On February 18, during the completion ofВ the Western Carpathian military operation, the troops ofВ the 4th and 2nd Ukrainian fronts defeated 17В divisions and one brigade ofВ fascists and liberated most ofВ Slovakia and the southern regions ofВ Poland. On February 19, the Allies broke through the German В«Western WallВ» on the Luxembourg border, and the Americans landed on the Japanese island ofВ Iwo Jima.

On February 26—27, the deputy commander of the Bandera Ukrainian Insurgent army (UPA) Mayevsky and other leaders of the Bandera met with the Soviet representative to negotiate the conditions for ending the armed struggle.

MarchВ 1945

On March 4, Finland declared war on Germany. After aВ month-long siege and fierce street battles with the Japanese, the Americans captured Manila (Philippines).

On March 5, conscripts born inВ 1929, that is, 16-year-olds, begin toВ be recruited into the German army.

On March 6, the Balaton defensive operation ofВ the Red Army began, the troops ofВ the 3rd Ukrainian Front, reflecting the counteroffensive ofВ German troops, began toВ defend inВ the area ofВ Lake Balaton inВ Hungary. lasting until MarchВ 15.

On March 9, 84,000В Tokyo civilians were killed during the American bombing.

On March 16, the Vienna offensive operation ofВ the troops ofВ the 3rd Ukrainian Front began, the operation lasted until AprilВ 15.

On March 25, Allied troops crossed the Rhine. The troops ofВ the 2nd Ukrainian Front launched the Bratislava-Brno offensive operation inВ Czechoslovakia, it lasted until May 5. Fierce fighting continues inВ the Baltic States, the 3rd Belorussian Front has carried out three military operations against enemy troops inВ East Prussia.

On March 30, during fierce fighting, Soviet troops took Danzig (now Gdansk inВ Poland).

AprilВ 1945

On April 1, the completion ofВ the liquidation byВ the troops ofВ the 1st Ukrainian Front after aВ long siege ofВ the encircled garrison ofВ the Nazis and the occupation ofВ the fortress city ofВ Glogau on the Oder River.

On April 4, the Allies surrounded 21В German divisions inВ the В«Ruhr pocketВ». Soviet troops took Bratislava, the capital ofВ Slovakia. The completion byВ the troops ofВ the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts ofВ the liberation from the German invaders ofВ the entire territory ofВ Hungary.

On April 5, the USSR denounced the non-aggression pact with Japan.

On April 6, Soviet troops reached the outskirts ofВ Vienna.

On April 9, the four-day operation toВ capture Konigsberg ended, the garrison capitulated.

April 11В death ofВ Roosevelt. He was succeeded as President ofВ the United States byВ G. Truman.

On April 13, Soviet troops took Vienna, the capital ofВ Austria.

On April 16, the Berlin operation began with the troops ofВ the 1st and 2nd Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts.

On April 18, British Prime Minister Churchill sent troops under Montgomery toВ Lubeck toВ prevent the occupation ofВ Denmark byВ Soviet troops. Soviet troops broke through all three defensive lines on the outskirts ofВ Berlin.

On April 25, the UN Constituent Assembly inВ San Francisco with the participation ofВ representatives ofВ 46В states. Adoption ofВ the UN Charter. The troops ofВ the 1st Ukrainian Front crossed the Elbe and met with American troops near the city ofВ Torgau. Soviet troops completed the encirclement ofВ Berlin.

On April 28, Italian partisans executed Mussolini.

April 29В the surrender ofВ German troops inВ Italy.

April 30, Hitler’s suicide. Grand Admiral Doenitz replaced Hitler as head of the German state. Occupation by Soviet troops of the Reichstag building in Berlin, on which the Victory Banner is hoisted!

MayВ 1945

On May 1, Order No. 20В ofВ the Supreme Commander-in-ChiefВ I.V.В Stalin was issued inВ connection with the celebration ofВ May 1. Soviet troops took the city ofВ Brandenburg.

On May 2, the capture ofВ Berlin byВ the troops ofВ the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts was completed.

On May 3, the anti-fascist uprising began inВ Prague.

On May 4, the German troops completely stopped fighting against the Anglo-American troops and continued their desperate resistance toВ the Soviet offensive.

On May 5, the occupation of the German naval base – the port city of Svinemunde by the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front.

On May 6, the occupation ofВ the fortress city ofВ Breslau byВ the troops ofВ the 1st Ukrainian Front.

On May 7, the troops ofВ the 1st Belorussian Front left for the Elbe River.

On May 8, the signing took place byВ representatives ofВ the German High Command inВ Karlhorst (aВ suburb ofВ Berlin) the act ofВ unconditional surrender ofВ the German armed forces. Celebration ofВ Victory Day inВ Europe. Decree ofВ the Presidium ofВ the Supreme Soviet ofВ the USSR declaring May 9В aВ Victory Day. Occupation byВ the troops ofВ the 1st Ukrainian Front ofВ the city ofВ Dresden. The cessation ofВ resistance byВ the Kurland grouping ofВ German troops, surrounded off the coast between the cities ofВ Tukums and Libava. Liberation ofВ the city ofВ Olomouc.

ON MAY 9, THE SOVIET PEOPLE UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY VICTORIOUSLY ENDED THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, DEFEATING HITLER’S GERMANY AND ITS SATELLITES!

In accordance with the Act of Unconditional Surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945 from 23 h. 01 min. according to the Central European time, all military operations ceased. According to Moscow time, this corresponded to 1 h. 01 min. on May 9. In Western countries, the celebration takes place on May 8. Modern bourgeois historians downplay and belittle the contribution of the USSR to the victory, claiming that the main force that defeated Nazi Germany was the American-British troops. I.V. Stalin’s address to the people on the radio in connection with the victory over Nazi Germany. Order of the Supreme Commander I. V. Stalin in connection with the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War. Termination of resistance of a group of German troops near the mouth of the Vistula River and on the Putziger-Nerung spit (northeast of Gdynia). Liberation by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front of the capital of Czechoslovakia – the city of Prague. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the establishment of the medal «For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945.

««The campaigns conducted by the Red Army played a decisive role in the defeat of Germany.»

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commander-in-chief ofВ the Allied Armed Expeditionary Forces inВ Europe.

This is the joy ofВ victory and the triumph ofВ the winners, whose great feat will forever remain inВ the memory ofВ posterity.

«Russia has accomplished a great military feat… Russia, in a heavy single combat almost one-on-one with the advancing Hitlerite armies, took on the full force of the German blow and stood. We, the British, will never forget the feat of Russia.» Bernard Montgomery, Field Marshal of Great Britain.

Fascist Germany recognized itself defeated and agreed toВ unconditional surrender. On May 8, representatives ofВ the German Fascist command signed an act ofВ surrender inВ Berlin, the last act ofВ the great tragedy that befell the peoples ofВ Europe and, if not for the steadfastness and heroism ofВ the Red Army, could have become aВ catastrophe for the peoples ofВ the whole earth. Marshal ofВ the Soviet UnionВ G.В K.В Zhukov accepted the surrender from the Soviet Supreme Command.

No holiday has been marked with such genuine national rejoicing as this one, because it was the Victory ofВ 1945. And, probably, people did not cry like that on any holiday, because they were not only tears ofВ joy, but also tears for those who did not live toВ see this great day. It really was В«aВ holiday with tears inВ my eyes, joy with gray hair on my temples.В» And it is also aВ celebration ofВ peace on earth, peace that the Soviet people won at the cost ofВ huge losses.

On May 10, the entry ofВ Soviet troops into the city ofВ Vindava (Ventspils). Full occupation ofВ the Putziger-Nerung spit and the Courland Peninsula.

On May 11, Soviet troops occupied Bornholm Island inВ the Baltic. Completion ofВ the liquidation ofВ the remnants ofВ resisting enemy troops inВ Czechoslovakia.

May 15 is the last battle in Europe. The Yugoslav army near the town of Dravograd destroyed the remnants of the Germans and the Croatian Ustashe. The end of the reception of German Fascist troops surrendering on the entire Soviet front – «the reception of captured German soldiers on all fronts is over»: the latest summary of the Sovinformburo.

On May 24, Stalin’s speech at a reception in the Kremlin in honor of the commanders of the Red Army (a toast to the health of the Soviet and, above all, the Russian people).

«I raise a toast to the health of the Russian people not only because he is a leading people, but also because he has a clear mind, a steadfast character and patience… the trust of the Russian people in the Soviet government turned out to be the decisive force that ensured a historic victory over the enemy of humanity, fascism.» Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, Supreme Commander.

MILESTONES

Facts ofВ biography, not very well known

Adolf Hitler (he never bore his father’s surname Schicklgruber) was born on April 20, 1889 in the small town of Braunau on the Inn River, on the border of Austria and Germany. His parents were 52-year-old Austrian customs officer Alois Schicklgruber and 20-year-old peasant Clara Pelzl. Both branches of his family came from Waldviertel (Lower Austria), a remote area where small peasant communities were engaged in labor. The gravestone from the grave of Hitler’s parents was removed in Austria in Braunau in 2012, as this place has recently increasingly become an object of pilgrimage for neo-Nazis and their sympathizers, the German news agency DPA reports.

Hitler’s grandfather Johann Georg Gidler, who worked for hire at the mills, met a peasant girl Anna Maria Schicklgruber, who at that time served as a housekeeper in Graz. In 1837 Anna gave birth to her son Alois, and only five years later Johann Gidler and Anna Maria got married. Alois bore the surname Schicklgruber until 1876, until he officially changed it – since he was brought up in the house of his uncle Johann Nepomuk Gidler – to Hitler. Alois was married three times. His third wife, Klara Pelzl, was 23 years younger than him and gave birth to five children, only two of whom reached adulthood – Adolf and his younger sister Paula.

Adolf Hitler’s mother Klara was a quiet, hardworking woman, she kept a tidy household and tried in every way to please her husband. Adolf loved his patient mother, and she, in turn, considered him a beloved child, even though, according to her, he was «crazy.» She assured him that he was not like other children, but despite all her love, Adolf grew up a dissatisfied and touchy child. Psychologically, she subconsciously shaped him, as if compensating for her own unhappy family life. Adolf was afraid of his strict father, a domineering and quarrelsome man who subordinated children to his own cruel outlook on life. Unhappy and lonely, thrice unsuccessfully married Alois Hitler sought solace in drinking.

More than once, young Adolf had to lead his tipsy parent home. Later, he recalled his father as a drunken sadist who squandered family money. This sullen and hot-tempered despot constantly made the children feel the power of his stick or belt. Alois shouted at his son, humiliated him and constantly punished him. There was a huge tension between the two irreconcilable characters. Probably, Hitler’s subsequent fierce hatred stemmed from hatred of his own father, who was partly Jewish – «Micheling». Hitler’s paternal grandfather was Jewish, Walter Langer wrote about this back in 1972 in the book «The Consciousness of Adolf Hitler» (W. Langer, «The Mind of Adolf Hitler. The Secret Wartime report», N.Y., 1972).

В«Hitler was worried that he might be blackmailed because ofВ his Jewish grandfather, and ordered his personal lawyer Hans Frank toВ check his paternal pedigree. Frank did this and told the Fuhrer that his grandmother got pregnant while working as aВ servant inВ aВ Jewish house inВ Graz.В» During World War II, it was aВ report toВ US President Roosevelt and had secret access. Langer also claimed that В«all analysts believe that Hitler is probably aВ neurotic psychopath on the verge ofВ schizophrenia. This means that he is not crazy inВ the conventional sense ofВ the word, but is aВ neurotic who lacks restraining reflexes.В» InВ 1895, at the age ofВ six, Adolf entered aВ folk school inВ the town ofВ Fischlham, near Linz. Two years later, being aВ very religious woman, his mother sent him toВ Lambach, toВ the parish school ofВ the Benedictine monastery, after which, she hoped, her son would eventually become aВ priest. But he was expelled from school, found smoking inВ the monastery garden.

Then the family moved to Leonding, a suburb of Linz, where young Adolf immediately excelled in his studies. He stood out among his comrades for his perseverance, turning out to be a leader in all children’s games. In 1900—1904. he attended a real school in Linz, and in 1904—1905 in Steyr. In October 1907, 18-year-old Adolf left his terminally ill mother with cancer and went to Vienna to find his way in life. But he suffered a terrible setback – he failed the entrance exams to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. It was a terrible blow to his ego, from which he never recovered, considering «these stupid professors» to be guilty of what happened. In December 1908, his mother died, which was another shock in his life. For the next five years, he supported himself with odd jobs, alms, or selling his sketches. Every day he walked around the cafe, made sketches and tried to sell drawings to buy food. Unshaven, with long hair and beard, in a dirty black bowler hat and a long coat that almost reached the ground, he looked like a downtrodden tramp.

In Vienna he learned to hate. Rejecting the theory of Karl Marx, he remained faithful to anti-Marxism for the rest of his life. Under the influence of Karl Luger’s writings, young Adolf began to hate Jews as «rats, parasites and bloodsuckers.» Jews, he decided, unite with Marxists to destroy the world. «If the Jews, with the help of Marxists, win over the world, it will mean death for humanity.» In addition, he began to despise democracy and found relief only in dreams of a great and glorious Germany, which would become a great country after the overthrow of the weak Habsburg. By this time he had become interested in mysticism and the occult. In tiny cafes, Adolf made political speeches against those he hated. The audience began to listen to the sickly annoying young man with a hypnotizing look.

He left Vienna inВ May 1913В and moved toВ Munich, Germany. But even here he remained depressed and embittered, lonely and aВ stranger inВ the midst ofВ aВ cheerful and bustling capital city. Military service. InВ February 1914, Adolf Hitler was summoned toВ Austria toВ conduct aВ medical examination for fitness for military service. But, as В«too weak and unfit toВ serve inВ the army,В» he was released. When the war broke out inВ August 1914, he asked the King ofВ Bavaria toВ enlist inВ his army. He was assigned toВ the 16th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, recruited mainly from student volunteers. But only after aВ few weeks ofВ training he was sent toВ the front.

***

Hitler was an artist, several of his paintings have been preserved. One of the Fuhrer’s paintings «The Night Sea» in 2012 was auctioned for 32 thousand euros.

***

The invasion of Napoleon and the attack of Hitler coincide day by day. June 22, 1812 – Napoleon addressed his troops with a proclamation that said «Soldiers, the Second Polish War has begun.»

***

Hitler’s medical records prove his attachment to cocaine, in 2012 X-rays of the skull and sinus of the former leader of Nazi Germany were published. Previously, these documents were kept in the archives of American military intelligence. Adolf Hitler’s medical records were put up for auction on the Internet. According to The New York Daily News, in particular, X-rays of the skull and sinus of the former leader of Nazi Germany have been published. According to experts, Hitler’s medical records indicate that he took cocaine, 28 medications and suffered from «uncontrolled flatulence.»

***

In 2012, a secret report on the development of mental disorders in Adolf Hitler, prepared for British intelligence in April 1942, was discovered. The report describes how a British analyst from the University of Cambridge, Joseph Mcgurdy, noticed the developing paranoia in the Fuhrer’s speeches.

***

Hitler hatched the idea of the genocide of Jews from his youth, in the USA in 2011, a letter from Adolf Hitler was published, in which he first mentions his plans to exterminate Jews. The document dates back to 1919. As it turned out, he had such thoughts long before coming to power. Nevertheless, Hitler’s godfather was a Jew named Prince, the family’s home doctor was a Jew, Dr. Bloch, a childhood friend of a Jew named Hanish, who later wrote: «At that time, Hitler looked very much like a Jew, so I often joked with him that he should have Jewish blood…» «The consciousness of Adolf Hitler.»

***

Adolf Hitler’s wife could have been of Jewish origin (although they lived in a legal marriage for only one day). Eva Braun, who was Adolf Hitler’s lifelong love, and who became his wife on the eve of the collapse of the Third Reich, could have been of Jewish origin. This is evidenced by a DNA test of her hair on a comb seized in 1945 by an American intelligence officer at the Berghof residence.

This sensational statement was made by the Independent newspaper in 2014 with reference to a documentary shown by Channel 4. According to the results of the study, Eva Braun was related to Ashkenazi Jews on her mother’s side. Thus, Hitler, on whose orders millions of Jews were exterminated, unintentionally married a partner of Jewish origin. Eva Braun was an assistant to Hitler’s personal photographer. At the time of acquaintance with the Fuhrer, she was 17 years old. The leader of the National Socialists instructed Martin Bormann to check the racial purity of a pretty young girl he liked. Only after a positive response, he ventured to courtship. Eva’s parents sent her to a Catholic school to confirm her Aryan origin. Nevertheless, Hitler was afraid that the affair could damage his reputation, so he did not marry Eva. He classified the relationship with his girlfriend and sent her to the Berghof residence in the Bavarian Alps.

The TV channel claims that in the summer of 1945, an officer of the 7th US Army, Paul Baer, who was at the Berghof at the time, took some of Brown’s personal belongings into storage, including a comb with the remains of her hair. There is a picture confirming the removal of the comb, which is recognized by experts as original. Baer’s son subsequently sold the comb to an antique dealer. From him, the strands of Eva Braun’s hair got to the hair dealer John Reznikoff, who resold them for two thousand dollars to Mark Evans, who specializes in conducting DNA tests. After that, Brown’s hair was sent for forensic examination with the participation of international experts.

To remove questions about the true origin of the hair, researcher Evans proposed to conduct DNA of the hair of Eva Braun’s surviving female relatives. However, they refused to help shed light on one of the mysteries of history. Meanwhile, Hitler’s niece Geli Raubal, with whom he lived, either committed suicide or he killed her. Renee Muller, also Hitler’s mistress, committed suicide. Perhaps this is due to the fact that Hitler was a case of classical masochism, which shocked partners who were not aware of this pathology so much that they committed suicide. Eva Braun also went through two suicide attempts.

***

Hitler’s illegitimate son was found, the French press published sensational evidence in 2012 that the leader of the Third Reich had an heir. According to journalists, the illegitimate son of Adolf Hitler and a young Frenchwoman Charlotte Lobjoa was born during World War I, to which the future Fuhrer went as a volunteer.

***

Hitler was drugging his soldiers. Wehrmacht soldiers were drugged throughout World War II. Pervitin (methamphetamine) helped them toВ withstand long marches and fight inВ the most difficult conditions (2011В post).

***

During the Second World War, of all the countries in Europe, only Germany had uranium mines. They were located in the Harz and Bohemia regions, the scientific institutes of atomic research were located in Austria – the Radium Institute and the Academy of Sciences in Vienna. In Germany, the Göttingen Institute of Physics became the research center of science. German scientists had all the knowledge to develop a powerful nuclear industry. Already in 1939, they created uranium machines, the first stations operating on the energy of a fissionable atomic nucleus. They developed a uranium bomb. The Uranus Project was prepared by the SD Commission under the leadership of Werner Heisenberg. It was based on the use of the resources of the enterprise «Kaiser Wilheln Gesellschaft». In Germany, atomic physics laboratories were established in Hamburg, Heidelberg, Gottingham, Leipzig, Berlin. But the security service failed to keep famous German physicists in Germany. The Hungarian physicist Edward Teller worked with them, who became one of the fathers of the atomic bomb in the United States, where he managed to escape, already having worldwide fame for the works created in German laboratories.

Back in 1940, the German scientist Dr. von Weizsacker wrote a scientific paper «On the possibilities of obtaining energy from uranium-238». By the time the air attacks on England began, a group of German physicists had completed a study on the possibilities of an explosion during the splitting of an atomic nucleus. But the German security service suspected the scientists of sympathizing with Marxism, in ties with Jewish circles, dangerous for the Third Reich. Vigilant surveillance and the identification of racial origin led to the fact that nuclear scientists began to emigrate or fled the country with the help of allied intelligence. The SD service parted with them without regret. Most of the scientists were not pure Aryans. The security service had other problems related to the newly discovered elements 93 and 94 in the Mendeleev system. But this omission caused Hitler to lose the war. 10 million senseless victims – this was the number of losses due to the omissions of Sievers, Himmler’s representative at the atomic research center, headed by Professor Walter Gerlach. It was he who told Martin Bormann at the end of 1944 that the machine could run on heavy water. Sievers did not believe, made a fatal mistake, which could not be corrected, trying to identify the right scientists from the mass of prisoners.

***

The creation ofВ the atomic bomb has been going on inВ parallel since the late 30s inВ England, Germany, the USSR and the USA, for example, the American В«Manhattan ProjectВ» is known, the head ofВ the project is Colonel Leslie Groves ofВ the Engineering troops, who led, among other things, the construction ofВ the Pentagon building. Kurchatov noted that the contribution ofВ Soviet intelligence officers toВ the creation ofВ the atomic bomb was 50%. The contribution ofВ Soviet scientists is great: Andrei Sakharov, Anatoly Alexandrov, Yuli Khariton, Yakov Zeldovich, Isaac Kikoin and many others.

Naturally, there was also the contribution of German prisoners of war (on December 19, 1945, the Soviet government adopted a resolution on attracting German specialists to work on the uranium problem, by the end of 1948, about 300 German specialists worked on this topic in the USSR, including the former director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry Peter Thyssen, who returned to the GDR only in In 1956 and awarded the Order of Lenin and the title of Stalin Prize laureate). But it would be unwise to reduce everything to them, they only helped speed up the creation of the bomb. The German V-2 (V-2 is the German letter «fau», from the German Vergeltung – retaliation) had a speed of up to 5.5 thousand km per hour, with a flight range of up to 290 km, during World War II 5 thousand missiles were manufactured, of which 20% were guided by a radio beam.

Back in December 1944, in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, a team of mathematicians and physicists dressed in striped robes calculated formulas and equations that solved numerous problems of the V-2 missiles, and this is the former A-4 rocket. Already the A-5 rocket was a small space rocket, still not debugged and often exploding. By the end of the war, a rocket with a length of 14 meters and a weight of 4.5 tons was created, which easily moved on a special Mailer truck. With the help of a hydraulic mechanism, its upper part slowly rose towards the sky, and with a flash of orange color, the rocket instantly disappeared in order to hit the enemy’s target many kilometers away. Hitler was thrilled by this sight. «Why didn’t I believe in these missiles right away? If I had had them in 1939, the war would have turned out differently,» he confessed to one of the generals later. Although the German Peenemunde missile range was captured by Soviet troops, but as a result of the special operation «Paperclip» carried out by the Americans, 104 German rocket engineers, including SS Sturmbannfuhrer Werner von Braun, along with documentation and calculations, were taken to the United States, which accelerated the creation of an atomic bomb in the States. Data from Rainer Karlsch’s book «Hitler’s Bomb. The secret history of German atomic weapons tests.»

***

150 thousand Jewish soldiers of Hitler fought against the USSR and its allies. In 2002, the Israeli newspaper Vesti published sensational material about 150 thousand Jewish soldiers and officers who fought in the Nazi army. The term «micheling» in the Reich referred to people born from mixed marriages of Aryans with non-Aryans. The racial laws of 1935 distinguished the «mishlinge» of the first degree (one of the parents is Jewish) and the second degree (grandparents are Jews). Despite the legal «corruption» of people with Jewish genes and, despite the crackling propaganda, tens of thousands of «Michelings» lived quietly under the Nazis. They were conscripted into the Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine in the usual way, becoming not only soldiers, but also part of the generals at the level of regimental, division and army commanders. Hundreds of Michelings were awarded Iron Crosses for bravery. Twenty soldiers and officers of Jewish origin were awarded the highest military award of the Third Reich – the Knight’s Cross. However, many veterans of the Wehrmacht complained that the authorities were reluctant to submit to the orders and delayed promotion in rank, bearing in mind their Jewish ancestors. The absolute majority of Wehrmacht veterans say that when they joined the army, they did not consider themselves Jews. These soldiers tried to refute the Nazi racial chatter with their bravery. Hitler’s soldiers proved with triple zeal at the front that their Jewish ancestors did not prevent them from being good German patriots and steadfast warriors.

***

In Berlin in 2008, a contract was found that Adolf Hitler concluded with Satan. The contract is dated April 30, 1932 and signed in blood by both parties. According to the agreement, the devil grants the Fuhrer unlimited power with the condition that he will use it for evil. In exchange, Hitler promised to give his soul in exactly 13 years. Four independent experts examined the document and agreed that Hitler’s signature was genuine. Hitler was a mystically minded person, he believed in his predestination, so it is not surprising that he signed this «contract», where a hypnotist, an agent of the war capital tycoons, pushing Germany to war and obtaining super profits, acted as a devil with some blood.

It is known, for example, that «on January 27, 1932, at a secret meeting in Dusseldorf with the participation of three hundred representatives of large financial and industrial capital, Hitler outlined the program of the fascist Party and promised the monopolists to „eradicate Marxism in Germany.“ Monopolistic circles have increased support and financing of the Nazis», (World History, Publishing House of Socio-Economic Literature, Moscow, vol. IX, 1962, p. 191). As you know, Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. together with his newly-married movie star Eva Braun, in the context of the collapse of the «third Reich», considering that he had ended his life. In his will, Hitler, a man with a messiah complex, asked that his body and his wife’s body be burned so that he and his wife, neither alive nor dead, would become part of «a play staged by Jews for the entertainment of the Jewish hysterical masses.»

***

В«AВ new message about Hitler. London, June 24. (TASS). The Reuters news agency reports the Paris newspaper Paris Press that on April 29, Hitler left byВ submarine from La Pallice, aВ submarine base on the west coast ofВ France, which at that time was still inВ German hands. Hitler arrived inВ La Pallice byВ plane and aВ few hours later left incognito on aВ submarine loaded with aВ huge amount ofВ food and fuel.В» Pravda newspaper, No. 151, dated June 25, 1945. And on May 7, the Canadians detained aВ submarine, on board ofВ which they found Seyss-Inquart, the former imperial governor ofВ Austria, and then the Netherlands, who played one ofВ the main roles inВ the seizure ofВ power byВ the Nazis inВ Austria.




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